{"id":2592,"date":"2022-10-08T11:45:31","date_gmt":"2022-10-08T11:45:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/probioticindia.in\/?page_id=2592"},"modified":"2022-10-08T11:46:16","modified_gmt":"2022-10-08T11:46:16","slug":"history","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/probioticindia.in\/?page_id=2592","title":{"rendered":"History"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2592\" class=\"elementor elementor-2592\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0676e47 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0676e47\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d442126\" data-id=\"d442126\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42ca46a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42ca46a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.7.8 - 02-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Fermented products with live organisms have existed for centuries and were developed because of the need to extend the shelf-life of common and precious commodities like dairy and became one of the oldest forms of preservation.\u00a0 The ability of beneficial bacteria to transform milk into a longer lasting food was recorded as far back as 6,000 years ago.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Long before the existence of micro-organisms was even known or recognized, fermented products were used therapeutically, to treat colds, fevers, and ailments of the gastro- intestinal tract such as constipation and diarrhea.<\/p><p>Russian scientist and\u00a0Nobel laureate\u00a0\u00c9lie Metchnikoff, beginning of the 20th century suggested that it would be possible to modify the\u00a0gut flora\u00a0and to replace harmful microbes with useful microbes.\u00a0Metchnikoff, at that time a professor at the\u00a0Pasteur Institute\u00a0in Paris, proposed the hypothesis that the ageing process results from the activity of\u00a0putrefactive\u00a0(proteolytic)\u00a0microbes\u00a0producing toxic substances (phenols, ammonia) in the\u00a0large bowel. According to Metchnikoff, these compounds were responsible for what he called &#8220;intestinal\u00a0auto-intoxication&#8221;, which caused the physical changes associated with old age. Milk Fermented\u00a0with lactic-acid bacteria inhibited the growth of proteolytic bacteria because of the low\u00a0pH\u00a0produced by the fermentation of\u00a0lactose. Metchnikoff had also observed that certain rural populations in Europe, for example, in\u00a0Bulgaria\u00a0and the Russian steppes who lived largely on milk fermented by lactic-acid bacteria were exceptionally long lived. Metchnikoff proposed that consumption of fermented milk would &#8220;seed&#8221; the\u00a0intestine\u00a0with harmless lactic-acid bacteria and decrease the intestinal\u00a0pH\u00a0and that this would suppress the growth of proteolytic bacteria. Metchnikoff himself introduced in his diet\u00a0sour milk\u00a0fermented with the bacteria he called &#8220;Bulgarian Bacillus&#8221; and found his health benefited.<\/p><ul><li>Persian tradition asserts that the biblical patriarch Abraham owed his longevity to a diet of fermented milk.<\/li><li>Later, Tissier found that bifidobacteria are dominant in the\u00a0gut flora\u00a0of\u00a0breast-fed\u00a0babies and he observed clinical benefits from treating diarrhea in infants with bifidobacteria. The claimed effect was bifidobacterial displacement of proteolytic bacteria causing the disease.<\/li><li>During an outbreak of shigellosis in 1917, German professor Alfred Nissle isolated a strain of\u00a0<em>E. coli\u00a0<\/em>from the feces of a soldier who was not affected by the disease. Nissle used the\u00a0<em>Escherichia coli<\/em>\u00a0Nissle 1917 strain in acute gastrointestinal infectious Salmonellosis and Shigellosis.<\/li><li>In 1920, Rettger demonstrated that Metchnikoff&#8217;s &#8220;Bulgarian Bacillus&#8221;, later called\u00a0Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, could not live in the human intestine. Metchnikoff&#8217;s theory was disputable (at this stage) and people doubted his theory of longevity.<\/li><li>After Metchnikoff&#8217;s death in 1916, the centre of activity moved to the United States. It was reasoned that bacteria originating from the gut were more likely to produce the desired effect in the gut, and in 1935 certain strains of\u00a0Lactobacillus acidophilus\u00a0were found to be very active when implanted in the human digestive tract.<\/li><li>In early 1930\u2019s, in Japan, Minoru Shirota\u00a0 a researcher at the Faculty of Medicine at Kyoto University developed a fermented milk product called Yakult.<\/li><li>The term &#8220;probiotics&#8221; was first introduced in 1953 by\u00a0Werner Kollath. Contrasting antibiotics, probiotics were defined as microbially derived factors that stimulate the growth of other microorganisms. In 1989, Roy Fuller suggested a definition of probiotics that has been widely used: &#8220;A live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance&#8221;.\u00a0Fuller&#8217;s definition emphasizes the requirement of viability for probiotics and introduces the aspect of a beneficial effect on the host.<\/li><\/ul><p>In the following decades, intestinal lactic acid bacterial species with purported health beneficial properties have been introduced as probiotics, including\u00a0Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, and\u00a0Lactobacillus johnsonii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fermented products with live organisms have existed for centuries and were developed because of the need to extend the shelf-life of common and precious commodities like dairy and became one of the oldest forms of preservation.\u00a0 The ability of beneficial bacteria to transform milk into a longer lasting food was recorded as far back as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2592","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/probioticindia.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2592","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/probioticindia.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/probioticindia.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/probioticindia.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/probioticindia.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2592"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/probioticindia.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2592\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2599,"href":"https:\/\/probioticindia.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2592\/revisions\/2599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/probioticindia.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2592"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}